This research initiative examines immigrants’ digital activism within ethnic and non-ethnic online communities, exploring how participation in these spaces shape’s identity formation, belonging, civic engagement, and integration. Particular attention is given to whether online participation serves as a pathway to social inclusion and cross-cultural connection or contributes to social segmentation and the reinforcement of ethnic boundaries. The study draws on Manuel Castells’ (2009) concept of mass self-communication, which highlights immigrants’ agency in producing and circulating digital content while recognizing the role of digital environments in shaping social relationships, political participation, and identity formation. Bernal (2020) and Marino (2015) further conceptualize online spaces as transnational environments where migrants maintain social ties, negotiate identities, and engage in collective forms of participation across borders. Adopting a social constructionist perspective informed by Berger and Luckmann, the study views identity, community, and integration as ongoing processes shaped through social interaction. Online communities therefore function as important sites where immigrants build social networks, engage in meaning-making, and negotiate their place within both ethnic and broader societal contexts. Anderson’s (1991) notion of imagined communities and Cohen’s (1985) concept of symbolic communities further suggest that these digital spaces enable the creation and maintenance of collective identities through shared meanings and cultural practices. At the same time, Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979; Tajfel & Turner, 1985) suggests that group membership can foster both solidarity and social division. The project therefore investigates the dual potential of online communities to promote integration, belonging, and civic participation while also contributing to social isolation, echo chambers, and segregation.